The Complete Book of Joel Kjv Read Along

Book of the Bible

The Volume of Joel is collected as one of the twelve small prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and every bit a book in its own right in the Christian Former Testament.

Content [edit]

After a superscription ascribing the prophecy to Joel (son of Pethuel), the book may be broken down into the following sections:

• Complaining over a great locust plague and a astringent drought (1:1–2:17).
  • The furnishings of these events on agriculture, farmers, and on the supply of agricultural offerings for the Temple in Jerusalem, interspersed with a call to national complaining (1:i–xx).
  • A more apocalyptic passage comparing the locusts to an regular army, and revealing that they are God's army (ii:1–11).
  • A call to national repentance in the face of God'southward judgment (ii:12–17).^[1]
• Promise of hereafter blessings (2:xviii–32 or ii:eighteen–3:5).
  • Banishment of the locusts and restoration of agronomical productivity equally a divine response to national penitence (2:18–27).
  • Future prophetic gifts to all God's people, and the condom of God's people in the face of catholic cataclysm (2:28–32 or 3:1–v).
• Coming judgment on the Kingdom of Judah'southward enemies: the Philistines, the Kingdom of Edom, and the Kingdom of Egypt (3:1–21 or 4:1–21).

Chapters [edit]

The Book of Joel's sectionalization into chapters and verses differs widely between editions of the Bible; some editions have three chapters, others four.^[2] Translations with iv chapters include: the Jewish Publication Club's version of the Hebrew Bible (1917),^[3] Jerusalem Bible (1966), New American Bible (Revised Edition, 1970), Complete Jewish Bible (1998), Tree of Life Version (2015)^[4]

In the 1611 Male monarch James Bible, the Book of Joel is formed by three chapters: the second one has 32 verses, and it is equivalent to the union of the chapter 2 (with 26 verses) and affiliate three (with 5 verses) of other editions of the Bible.^[5]

The differences of the sectionalisation is as follows:^[6]

English/Greek	Hebrew
Joel 1	Joel i
Joel two:i–27	Joel ii
Joel ii:28–32	Joel iii
Joel iii	Joel 4

Historical context [edit]

Equally in that location are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars accept assigned a broad range of dates to the book. The main positions are:

• Ninth century BC, peculiarly in the reign of Joash – a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel ane of the primeval writing prophets). The enemies mentioned – Philistines, Phoenicians, Arab republic of egypt and Edom – are consistent with this date.^[7] The lack of mention of the Assyrians or Babylonians, who were the main enemies of Judah during the eighth, seventh and sixth centuries, leads many conservative scholars to advise the choice is between this appointment, and a quaternary century appointment.^[7]
• Early eighth century BC, during the reign of Uzziah (contemporary with Hosea, Amos, and Jonah)^[8]
• c. 630–587 BC, in the final decades of the kingdom of Judah (gimmicky with Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Habakkuk)
• c. 520–500 BC, contemporary with the render of the exiles and the careers of Zechariah and Haggai.
• The decades around 400 BC, during the Persian period (making him 1 of the latest writing prophets), or around 350 BC. This is supported by the credible mention of the 587 BC destruction of Jerusalem every bit a past effect in iii:ane and iii:17, and the mention of Greeks in three:6.^[7]

Testify produced for these positions includes allusions in the volume to the wider world, similarities with other prophets, and linguistic details. Some commentators, such equally John Calvin, attach no great importance to the precise dating.

Joel 1 and 2 are preserved in the Expressionless Sea Scrolls, in fragmentary manuscripts 4Q78, 4Q82, and the Curl Wadi Muraba'at.^[9]

History of interpretation [edit]

The Masoretic text places Joel between Hosea and Amos (the order inherited by the Tanakh and Old Attestation), while the Septuagint club is Hosea–Amos–Micah–Joel–Obadiah–Jonah. The Hebrew text of Joel seems to have suffered little from scribal transmission, only is at a few points supplemented by the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate versions, or past conjectural emendation.^[10] While the book purports to describe a plague of locusts, some aboriginal Jewish opinion saw the locusts as emblematic interpretations of State of israel's enemies.^[eleven] This allegorical interpretation was applied to the church past many church fathers. Calvin took a literal estimation of chapter 1, simply allegorical view of chapter 2, a position echoed by some modern interpreters. Most mod interpreters, even so, run across Joel speaking of a literal locust plague given a prophetic/ apocalyptic interpretation.^[12]

The traditional ascription of the whole book to the prophet Joel was challenged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by a theory of a three-stage process of composition: 1:1–2:27 were from the mitt of Joel, and dealt with a gimmicky issue; 2:28–iii:21/3:ane–iv:21 were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook. Mentions in the showtime half of the book to the day of the Lord were likewise ascribed to this continuator. iii:4–eight/4:4–viii could exist seen as even later. Details of exact ascriptions differed betwixt scholars.

This splitting of the book's limerick began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of 3:4–8 has presented more challenges, although a number of scholars still defend it.^[13]

Biblical quotes and allusions [edit]

There are many parallels of linguistic communication between Joel and other Old Testament prophets. They may represent Joel'southward literary apply of other prophets, or vice versa.

In the New Testament, his prophecy of the outpouring of God'due south Holy Spirit upon all people was notably quoted past Saint Peter in his Pentecost sermon.^[14]

Joel iii:10 / 4:10 is a variation of Isaiah 2:iv and Micah 4:3's prophecy, "They volition shell their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.",^[15] instead commanding, "Beat out your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears."^[16]

The tabular array beneath represents some of the more explicit quotes and allusions between specific passages in Joel and passages from the Onetime and New Testaments.

Joel	Old Attestation	New Attestation
i:half dozen, two:ii–x		Revelation 9:3, 7–9
1:15	Isaiah 13:six Ezekiel xxx:2–iii
ii:1	Zephaniah 1:fourteen–16
2:ane–2	Amos v:18, xx
2:11	Malachi three:2
2:14	Jonah 3:9
2:20–21	Psalm 126:2–three
2:27	Isaiah 45:five Ezekiel 36:11
2:28–32/3:ane–v		Acts 2:xvi–21
ii:31/3:iv	Malachi 3:23/4:5
ii:32/3:five	Obadiah 17	Romans 10:13
3:1/iv:1	Psalm 126:1
iii:x/iv:x	Isaiah 2:4 Micah 4:3
3:sixteen/4:sixteen	Amos 1:2
3:17/4:17	Obadiah 17
3:18/iv:18	Amos 9:13

Other references [edit]

Plange quasi virgo (Complaining similar a virgin), the third responsory for Holy Sabbatum, is loosely based on verses from the Book of Joel: the championship comes from Joel ane:eight.^[17]

Come across also [edit]

• Joel ane

References [edit]

1. ^ Pradas, Joseph. "Convertimini ad me". Seu Valentina. Retrieved 26 Jan 2019.
2. ^ Hayes, Christine (2006). "Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) – Lecture 23 – Visions of the Terminate: Daniel and Apocalyptic Literature". Open Yale Courses. Yale University.
3. ^ "Joel 4 – JPS Version" – via mechon-mamre.org.
4. ^ "Joel iv:1". BibleGateway.com.
5. ^ 1611 King James Bible. book of Joele. kingjamesbibleonline.org. Archived from the original on February ix, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
6. ^ Kee, Howard Clark; Meyers, Eric M.; Rogerson, John; Levine, Amy-Jill; Saldarini, Anthony J. (2008). Chilton, Bruce (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Bible (2, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217. ISBN978-0521691406.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Joel, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Revising Editor Moises Silva, 2011
8. ^ Patterson, Richard D. The Expositor'due south Bible Commentary, vol. 7. Zondervan.
9. ^ Joel one - Dead Bounding main Scrolls Bible Translations
10. ^ Allen 36
11. ^ Targum at two:25; besides margin of LXX manuscript Q, mid-sixth century AD
12. ^ See Allen 29–31
13. ^ See Allen 25–29 for details and arguments.
14. ^ Acts ii
15. ^ Isaiah ii:4
16. ^ Joel 3:10
17. ^ Joel 1:8

Further reading [edit]

Meet also works on the Minor Prophets as a whole.

• Achtemeier, Elizabeth. Minor Prophets I. New International Biblical Commentary. (Hendrickson, 1999)
• Ahlström, Gösta W. Joel and the Temple Cult of Jerusalem. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 21. (Brill, 1971)
• Allen, Leslie C. The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah & Micah. New International Commentary on the Erstwhile Attestation. (Eerdmans, 1976)
• Anders, Max E. & Butler, Trent C. Hosea–Micah. Holman Old Attestation Commentary. (B&H Publishing, 2005)
• Assis, Elie. Joel: A Prophet Betwixt Calamity and Hope (LHBOTS, 581), New York: Bloomsbury, 2013
• Baker, David Due west. Joel, Obadiah, Malachi. NIV Application Commentary. (Zondervan, 2006)
• Barton, John. Joel & Obadiah: a Commentary. Sometime Attestation Library. (Westminster John Knox, 2001)
• Birch, Bruce C. Hosea, Joel & Amos. Westminster Bible Companion. (Westminster John Knox, 1997)
• Busenitz, Irvin A. Commentary on Joel and Obadiah. Mentor Commentary. (Mentor, 2003)
• Calvin, John. Joel, Amos, Obadiah. Calvin's Bible Commentaries. (Forgotten Books, 2007)
• Coggins, Richard. Joel and Amos. New Century Bible Commentary. (Sheffield Bookish Press, 2000)
• Crenshaw, James Fifty. Joel: a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible. (Yale Academy Press, 1995)
• Finley, Thomas J. Joel, Amos, Obadiah: an Exegetical Commentary. (Biblical Studies Press, 2003)
• Gæbelein, Frank E. (ed) Daniel and the Minor Prophets. The Expositor'south Bible Commentary, Volume seven. (Zondervan, 1985)
• Garrett, Duane A. Hosea, Joel. The New American Commentary. (B&H Publishing, 1997)
• Hubbard, David Allen. Joel and Amos: an Introduction and Commentary. Tyndale Erstwhile Testament Commentary. (Inter-Varsity Press, 1990)
• Limburg, James. Hosea–Micah. Estimation – a Bible Commentary for Instruction & Preaching. (Westminster John Knox, 1988)
• Mason, Male monarch. Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Joel. Sometime Testament Guides. (JSOT Printing, 1994)
• McQueen, Larry R.M. Joel and the Spirit: the Cry of a Prophetic Hermeneutic. (CTP, 2009)
• Ogden, Graham South. & Deutsch, Richard R. A Promise of Hope – a Telephone call to Obedience: a Commentary on the Books of Joel & Malachi. International Theological Commentary (Eerdmans/ Hansel, 1987)
• Ogilvie, John Lloyd. Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah. Communicator'due south Commentary 20. (Word, 1990)
• Toll, Walter K. The Prophet Joel and the Mean solar day of the Lord. (Moody, 1976)
• Prior, David. The Message of Joel, Micah, and Habakkuk: Listening to the Voice of God. The Bible Speaks Today. (Inter-Varsity Press, 1999)
• Pohlig, James Due north. An Exegetical Summary of Joel. (SIL International, 2003)
• Roberts, Matis (ed). Trei asar : The Twelve Prophets: a New Translation with a Commentary Anthologized from Talmudic, Midrashic, and Rabbinic Sources. Vol. 1: Hosea. Joel. Amos. Obadiah. (Mesorah, 1995)
• Robertson, O. Palmer. Prophet of the Coming Day of the Lord: the Message of Joel. Welwyn Commentary. (Evangelical Press, 1995)
• Simkins, Ronald. Yahweh's Activity in History and Nature in the Book of Joel. Ancient Most Eastern Texts & Studies 10 (E. Mellen Press, 1991)
• Simundson, Daniel J. Hosea–Micah. Abingdon Old Attestation Commentaries. (Abingdon, 2005)
• Stuart, Douglas. Hosea–Jonah. Discussion Biblical Commentary 31. (Word, 1987)
• Sweeney, Marvin A. The Twelve Prophets, Vol. 1: Hosea–Jonah. Berit Olam – Studies in Hebrew Narrative & Poetry. (Liturgical Press, 2000)
• Wolff, Hans Walter. A Commentary on the Books of the Prophets Joel & Amos. Hermeneia – a Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible. (Augsburg Fortress, 1977)

External links [edit]

• Jewish Encyclopedia: Book of Joel
• Catholic Encyclopedia: Joel
• Jewish translations:
  • Yoel – Joel (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi'south commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
  • Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV)
  • Joel at The Great Books (New Revised Standard Version)
  • Joel at BibleGateway (New International Version and others)
  • Joel at BlueLetter Bible (King James Version and others, plus commentaries)
• Bible: Joel public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Joel

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